Heathlands are usually characterised by dense, low shrubs and ground cover. Along the sandy coast of south-east Queensland and north-east NSW, they are known as Wallum.
This habitat once dominated the coastal plains of SE Queensland, though it has largely been lost to urban development. They are associated with having low nutrient soils and may be either a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ heathland, with flora similarities shared by both.
The leaves of heathland plants have a variety of ways to overcome tough environmental conditions. Thick leaves, with high reflective, waxy, or hairy surfaces assist with the amount of direct sunlight the plants receive. High oil content is common to reduce the plant's appeal to animals that may want to eat them.
Heathland plants can grow into a dense cover providing birds and reptiles protection in search of insects and other invertebrates. Many of the plants flower, providing a spectacular wildflower display and attracting a diverse range of insects and other animals. Heathlands are home to some unique creatures that have adapted to live in a challenging physical environment including the wallum frogs. They support more than 80 species of birds and small marsupials such as dunnarts, bandicoots, and potoroos.
Features of heath include:
Threats to the heathlands include urban development, inappropriate fire management regimes, grazing impacts, and invasive weeds and animals. The Fraser Coast region is the northern limit for the wallum heath habitat.
